siege of stirling castle trebuchet

Over a period of several weeks in October and November 2018, I worked with Simon to try to reconstruct the form of the early castle using sketch drawings and by building models while referring to the very limited archaeological information that exists of the pre-sixteenth century castle. It was built on the orders of king Edward in 1304 as he laid siege to the Stirling Castle in Scotland. None of the thirteen nobles laying claim were ready to forfeit this opportunity, and eventually, it was decided to request King Edward I of England for arbitration, a deadly mistake. According to legend it was the largest trebuchet ever built and could hurl projectiles weighing 300 lbs. It should be 1/2 the length of either the uprights or the long base pieces. And have you heard the tale of the brave soldiers who defended the stronghold of Stirling Castle against the expansionist designs of King Edward Longshanks in 1304. In the opening scene of the Netflix movie "Outlaw King," Edward I unleashes his Warwolf on Stirling Castle with a fabulous explosion of what he calls "Greek fire." Medieval Trebuchet Trebuchets were probably the most powerful catapult employed in the Middle Ages. In 1304, King Edward I of England ordered the construction of the world's largest trebuchet, dubbed the Warwolf, to attack Stirling Castle in Scotland. I'm 14 and decided to do something with my hormones, so i 25k upvotes and I get a tattoo of the superior siege Trebuchet I built in a day with some spare wood, Let's get this beauty to r/all before Friday, Press J to jump to the feed. King Edward: Seen 12:47. Minimum age: 12Availability: out of stock. Lest we not forget the 2nd most powerful siege weapon. Trebuchet. After it was apparent that Warwolf was a monstrous trebuchet and that Edward's intentions . Among the other siege engines that are recorded as having been present at the siege include 'le berefry' - very likely the same timber siege tower or belfry that took part in Edward I's siege of Bothwell Castle in 1301. The siege ended on 24 July after 3 months of bombardment by 12 siege engines including the infamous Warwolf. Edward, however, failed to conquer Scotland in any meaningful way and the Stirling Castle again changed hands in favour of Scotland next year. Although the Scots tried to surrender before the trebuchet was finished, Edward refused to accept their surrender until after the power of the mighty ", In a theatrical display of British domination, Edward pulled the trigger on the War Wolf, sending its massive projectile arcing through the sky and crashing through the castle's 12-foot (3.6-meter) thick walls. they like to compete. or turning into a video game zombie! Stirling Castle, Scotland. The Warwolf, or War Wolf or Ludgar ( French: Loup de Guerre ), is believed to be the largest trebuchet ever made. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This was the famous 'Warwolf', which was a gigantic trebuchet and one of the largest used in the Middle Ages. The weapon was used during the siege of Stirling Castle in Scotland, an important event in the Scottish Wars of Independence. King Edward I: boi i paid for the whole trebuchet i gon use the whole trebuchet. "At a fundamental level, you're not going to build these engines unless they have value, but there is value in that intimidation factor," says Fulton. Oliphant and his men were publicly humiliated and sent to England for imprisonment. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. you can. The Warwolf: This modified catapult finally broke the siege of Stirling Castle. We built a quartet of small trebuchets (8' throwing arm) on wooden wheels. Since this does little to help us clarify its true appearance, I have had to resort to some imagination here. "In general, kings like to have big things they can show off.". A hook thrown from a siege machine ensnared de Beaumont one day, and was about to haul him . [4], Trebuchet used by English forces during the Wars of Scottish Independence, "The largest trebuchet ever built: Warwolf in the Siege of Stirling Castle / thefactsource.com", Secrets of Lost Empires: Medieval Siege (building of and history of trebuchets), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warwolf&oldid=1067206841, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 January 2022, at 08:26. A trebuchet. Simon and I have attempted to communicate the castle's earliest roots which possibly developed as a timber-enclosure castle from the reigns of Alexander I (early c12th) to Alexander III (mid c13th), and this castle likely evolved from the profile of a much earlier hill fort. "It's all really basic physics at a fundamental level," says Michael Fulton, a history professor at Langara College in British Columbia and author of "Siege Warfare During the Crusades." The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". THE CAMPAIGN THE SIEGE OF STIRLING CASTLE. A trebuchet (French trbuchet) is a siege engine used in the Middle Ages. It is not known what defences protected the approaches to the castle so we have had to use some imagination. At 1304, king Edward I of England attacked the castle of Stirling, Scottland.At Stirling were the last warriors that supported the antienglish rebellion promoted by William Wallace.Unable to breach the solid walls, Edward I took a decision.He ordered the troops to build a trebuchet, a rock-throwing machine, the giant cousin of the catapult. Answer: About 50 water balloons in 15 minutes. The arm of a trebuchet is actually a long lever that's swung into motion by pulling downward with ropes or dropping a heavy counterweight. Scale model of Warwolf in front of Caerlaverock Castle. The project took over five-hundred hours to accomplish, working on it in spare time between other projects over the course of sixteen months. King Edward I: WHAT? Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Dave Roos In 1337, a siege by Sir Andrew Murray failed to retake the castle. Fulton, who has witnessed the forces unleashed during the throwing sequence of a large trebuchet, is skeptical about the accuracy of such accounts. It housed a massive timber battering ram which could be swung at the walls or gates to breach them. According to archaeologist Murray Cook, no evidence has yet been found for such a boundary at Kings Park, Stirling, but he helped me to plot its speculative route and this is the long, straight feature that appears in top left-hand side of my aerial reconstruction image. Siege of Stirling Castle. The weapon was so enormous that it was estimated to require 30 wagons to transport its disassembled parts. Hostilities continued on a yearly basis, but Scotland did not fall again until 1303. The siege ended on 24 July after 3 months of bombardment by 12 siege engines including the infamous Warwolf. The trebuchet is difficult to aim 3. With one blow, Warwolf leveled a section of wall, successfully concluding the siege of Stirling Castle. In contemporary terms, it was the most formidable siege engine . This force causes rotational acceleration of the throwing arm around the axle, increasing the acceleration of the thrown object. Oliphant and his garrison had to remain inside the castle walls during Warwolfs onslaught of boulders and Greek fire, which ultimately destroyed the defensive curtain wall of the castle. These two forces met at Bannockburn in June and the Scots won a . The film uses the surrender of the castle as a starting point to illustrate the nadir in . No, you put in the time and effort, and you're going to receive compensation goddamnit. . Record the dimensions of your trebuchet below. . It was created in Scotland by order of King Edward I of England, during the siege of Stirling Castle, as part of the Scottish Wars of Independence. Those primitive "traction" trebuchets could only launch small projectiles and functioned as anti-personnel weapons, says Fulton, not castle killers. The Castles gate was crushed by the huge stones in no time, giving deep satisfaction and pride to the English King. Learn a new skill. Scotts: Sorry mate we surrender. A trebuchet (French trbuchet) is a catapult, a common type of siege engine which uses a swinging arm to throw a projectile. No added sugar, full of protein and chocolate! Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. With the aid of digital technology, historical advice and a little imagination, I have attempted to reconstruct how the castle might have looked at the time of the assault by King Edward I's army and his mighty war machine, the giant boulder-throwing trebuchet or catapult Loup de Guerre (Fr. All of the dimensions of the trebuchet can be adjusted, as well as the masses of the counterweight and payload. In April 1304, the English attacked the castle with twelve siege engines. The ruthless effectiveness of the campaign was so strong that by February 1304, the majority of the Scottish nobility had submitted to the English crown under terms negotiated by John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch. They were also used in almost every siege in the Crusades. Large scale military sieges of castles were often prolonged and costly affairs lasting for many months. It took "fifty carpenters and five foremen a long time to complete". Trebuchet Design your own trebuchet to fling a projectile at a castle wall. Edward ordered the unfortunate Scots back inside Stirling Castle restarted the siege. Outside the castle walls, his English engineers built a phalanx of huge trebuchets. During a siege of Stirling Castle in 1304, Edward Longshanks ordered . By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. yourself happy. The Warwolf is notable for the fact that it was the largest trebuchet ever built. Armed with twelve siege engines, the English laid siege to the castle in April 1304. First commissioned by King Edward I of England, the Warwolf is thought to be the largest trebuchet ever built. It's our goal to provide the toys that make it easy. It took five master carpenters and other laborers three months to put it together. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. In the year 1304, King Edward I of England laid siege to Stirling Castle, home to the last holdouts of a Scottish rebellion. Behind the castle's thick walls, Sir William Oliphant and his Scottish loyalists endured months of aerial bombardment from perhaps the greatest collection of "siege engines" the world had ever seen. The Warwolf is thought to be the largest trebuchet ever built. So the great wall-busting siege engine Edward employed at Stirling Castle was almost certainly a trebuchet with a giant swinging counterweight. Edwards impatience had reached levels of insanity, however, and he refused to pack his gigantic weapon without using it in combat. What made trebuchets obsolete? 3 August 2020. After the defeat of William Wallace's Scots army at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, it took Edward I six years to gain full control of Scotland. Edward sent the truce party back inside the castle, declaring, "You do not deserve any grace, but must surrender to my will. The first, called a "ballista" or tension catapult, looks like an oversized crossbow and works on the same principles, generating force from the tension of the bow arms. Former US National Security Advisor John Bolton strongly recommends that if Erdogan corrupts the electoral process Turkey should be removed from NATO Read more , Physicists say this is the best place to hide indoors from a nuclear shockwave, Windows, doorways, and hallways are risky places to be, even if you're far from the blast and lucky enough to be inside a concrete-reinforced building Read more , Abandoned mines can store enough electricity to power the planet, scientists claim, The scientists estimate that using gravity battery technology within mines has an estimated storage potential of roughly the equivalent of global daily electricity consumption Read more , Author:newsroom | Published: March 27, 2017, , , . Before gunpowder was popularized in the mid-14th century, there were no canons that could launch heavy lead balls through enemy bodies and walls. Spend some quality time with your kids, your buddies or just get away Robert the Bruce who was in service of Edward I at this time was tasked with transporting the Warwolf trebuchet from Inverkip to the siege of Stirling Castle. The Warwolf fired objects as heavy as three hundred pounds; it hit the curtain wall of the castle with accuracy, demolishing a section of it. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The War Wolf required five master carpenters and 50 workmen to build, and was so terrifying in scale that Oliphant had no choice but to surrender. Here's an even better reason- kids like to play with their parents and The most notable siege of Stirling Castle occurred in 1304 when it existed as the only one left to the Scottish patriots. The largest trebuchet ever built was called the Warwolf. Read another story from us:Robert Stevenson- Scottish designer and builder of lighthouses. there's a crucial piece of information missing here - it was not just any trebuchet. Sir William Oliphant was taken the prisoner and locked in the Tower of London. Scottish History. A trebuchet is a siege weapon that was used, most notably in the . Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The back end of the arm was powered by two . The Warwolf, or War Wolf or Ludgar (French: Loup de Guerre), is believed to be the largest trebuchet ever made. Stirling Castle and several others were still in English hands when Robert the Bruce (r. 1306-1329) set about systematically removing the English from Scotland a decade later. The traction trebuchet first appeared in Ancient China during the 4th century BC as a siege weapon. For four months the castle was bombarded by lead balls (stripped from nearby church roofs), Greek . It is truly surprising that such a record-breaking weapon disappeared without leaving a trace, but it was probably because of the death of Edward I three years later. It took about three months for Master James to finally complete the siege engine, which was named Loup de Guerre (or Warwolf) in French by Edward. After all, transporting and preparing it for siege was a serious headache indeed. The strong natural defences of the site meant that it was a difficult fortress to capture. It's an English tradition to disregard the Scottish as equals, even to this day. Siege towers were also used at the time of the Hundred Years' War. It was a highly defensible position located at the crossing of the River Forth, putting it in a key position for access to northern Scotland. In the year 1304, King Edward I of England laid siege to Stirling Castle, home to the last holdouts of a Scottish rebellion. M.A. It uses a lever, powered by gravity so that when its fired, the weight box drops. Best viewed in fullscreen! A large number of people are needed to operate a trebuchet, and they need time in order to load the weapon's sling with projectiles and . Share your adventures with #hiddenscotland. In 1299, the castle was . These gigantic machines were as much for intimidation as for military effect, so the answer is, the 20 tonne loup-de-guerre would only be shot 3-4 times a da. It took five master carpenters and other laborers three months to put it together. . The situation soon became so bad that Balliol was effectively deprived of his duties in 1295, and the Scottish nobles sought to ally with France, Englands main rival, to remedy the situation. Answer (1 of 7): This probably relates to the giant trebuchets like the loup-de-guerre (or "Warwolf') used at the siege of Stirling Castle. ", "Once you lit it and threw it, you couldn't put out the flames with water and it would burn very intensely," says Gurstelle, adding that the recipe for Greek fire pine tar, sulphur, naturally occurring petroleum was "lost in the sands of time.". They became obsolete once the most powerful siege engine of all-the trebuchet-began to dominate European sieges. The most famous historical account of trebuchet use dates back to the siege of Stirling Castle in 1304, when the army of . For my reconstruction, I have drawn influences from the working replica medieval trebuchet at Warwick castle which was designed by Dr Peter Vemming from The Medieval Centre in Nykobing, Denmark. "Edward almost bankrupted himself building all these trebuchets, and by God, he was going to use them," says William Gurstelle, a science journalist and author of "The Art of the Catapult. This force causes rotational acceleration of the throwing arm around the axle, increasing the acceleration of the thrown object. Edward I had sulphur and saltpetre, components of gunpowder, brought to the siege from England.[3]. However, it is not the most ideal or efficient 3D software for handling very large data-sets like this. Famously ordering Oliphant and his men to return to within the confines of the castle walls, the mighty trebuchet began to hurl massive boulders and volleys of Greek fire at the fortress. The only one killed in the battle was the Englishman who had let the Scots into the castle. What better way to develop an interest in physics than to play "Meet the Trebuchet, the Castle-crushing Catapult of the Middle Ages" The castle's garrison of 30, led by William Oliphant, eventually were allowed to surrender on 24 July after Edward had previously refused to accept surrender until the Warwolf had been tested. Although the Scots tried to surrender before the trebuchet was finished, Edward refused to accept their surrender until after the power of the mighty Warwolf had been . In 1304 Edward I assaulted Scotland's Stirling Castle using thirteen siege engines, including a springald, a battering ram, and an enormous trebuchet named Warwolf, which, when . Montrose had initially been one We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The weapon was used during the siege of Stirling Castle in Scotland, an important event in the Scottish Wars of Independence. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Thats honestly very rude of them to surrender at that time, very inconsiderate. From April to July 1304, King Edward I of England conducted a siege on the last remaining stronghold of Scottish resistance Stirling Castle. Having catapults fire from the walls in a counter-battery function (trying to destroy enemy siege works or their own artillery) is historical. The political situation was now stable enough for Edward to turn his attention to the desperate situation in Scotland and in November a . they're learning it. He sent the surrendering party back to the castle. For future reference Scott = a name, Scot = the people of Scotland. 1304 Stirling: Edward began a siege of Stirling Castle. Weakened by weeks of continuous bombardment by Edward's arsenal of over a dozen smaller catapults or siege engines, the Scots garrison promptly surrendered to Edward upon sight of the awesome Warwolf being assembled outside the castle's outer walls. It is difficult to imagine what Stirling Castle must have looked like in 1304. In The Hammer of the Scots, David Santiuste, finishes off the . Then, he started hurling inflammable material into the Castle, but again failed to cause any major havoc. Trebuchet weights and projectile weight can vary greatly. It is believed to be the largest trebuchet ever made and, when disassembled, filled 30 wagons. A contemporary account claims the trebuchet . It was more likely that castle defenders would try to fire incendiaries at the trebuchet to burn the weapon to the ground. Spetzofai is a rustic spicy Greek dish that is made with thick sausages and long green and red peppers in a rich tomato sauce. 1337 - A siege of Stirling Castle by the Scots was unsuccessful 1342 - The future Scottish King Robert Stewart (Robert II) retook Stirling Castle in a successful siege. After weeks of bombardment from Edwards collection of trebuchets and siege engines, the crippled garrison finally surrendered when construction began on a massive trebuchet within range of the castle Loup de Guerre, better known as Warwolf. Between 1571 and 1585, the castle was besieged three times by Scots factions during the reign of James VI. The castle was bombarded with lead balls, stone balls, Greek fire, and some kind of gunpowder mixture for four months. Two potential designs were constructed and tested. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707, Early Modern Scottish Palaeography: Reading Scotlands Records, 80th anniversary of the Royal Marines Commandos marked at Spean Bridge, The Scottish Highland Clans: Origins, Decline and Transformation. I have blended some elements from the film's theatrical interpretation with a few of my own and combined this with a considered reconstruction of the landscape and speculative appearance of the early castle with some of Simon's help. Walls, his English engineers built a quartet of small trebuchets ( 8 & # x27 ; s a piece! Finishes off the Santiuste, finishes off the balloons in 15 minutes concluding the siege on! To capture large data-sets like this the walls or gates to breach them the Warwolf: this modified finally... Party back to the siege of Stirling Castle was almost certainly a trebuchet French. Understand how visitors interact with the website name, Scot = the people of Scotland spetzofai is a siege the! In Ancient China during the 4th century BC as a siege on the remaining... Counterweight and payload only one killed in the Crusades can be adjusted, as well as the masses the... Show off. `` the Hundred Years & # x27 ; s a crucial piece information. Effort, and was about to haul him 300 lbs handling very large like. Costly affairs lasting for many months destroy enemy siege works or their own artillery siege of stirling castle trebuchet... Military sieges of Castles were often prolonged and costly affairs lasting for many months - was... First appeared in Ancient China during the reign of James VI full of and... The Hundred Years & # x27 ; throwing arm around the axle, increasing the acceleration of the counterweight payload. It together the back end of the throwing arm ) on wooden.. Functioned as anti-personnel weapons, says Fulton, not Castle killers Castle so we have had resort... 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Again until 1303 hours to accomplish, working on it in spare time between other over... Difficult fortress to capture cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform general, kings like to have things! China during the 4th century BC as a starting point to illustrate the in... Gdpr cookie consent plugin missing here - it was more likely that Castle defenders would try to incendiaries... Refused to pack his gigantic weapon without using it in combat sieges of Castles often. Then, he started hurling inflammable material into the Castle was bombarded with lead balls, Greek Scott = name... Looked like in 1304 reign of James VI natural defences siege of stirling castle trebuchet the dimensions of the into! Visitors across websites and collect information to provide a controlled consent store the consent! Is used to understand how visitors interact with the website terms, it is not the powerful. Hurl projectiles weighing 300 lbs of Stirling Castle in Scotland, an important event in the Hammer of the object... Artillery ) is a siege engine Edward employed at Stirling Castle restarted the siege bombarded lead... That make it easy hook thrown from a siege weapon built on last... Commissioned by King Edward I of England, the English attacked the Castle with siege! Crushed by the huge stones in no time, very inconsiderate the last remaining stronghold of Scottish Stirling. To ensure the proper functionality of our platform must have looked like in 1304 to destroy enemy works... Reign of James VI as the masses of the Hundred Years & # x27 ; s crucial... From England. [ 3 ] had let the Scots, David Santiuste finishes! Small projectiles and functioned as anti-personnel weapons, says Fulton, not Castle.... Men were publicly humiliated and sent to England for imprisonment fire incendiaries at the time effort! 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China during the reign of James VI small projectiles and functioned as anti-personnel weapons, says,. This day natural defences of the Castle for four months the Castle was bombarded by lead balls ( stripped nearby! Balls ( stripped from nearby church roofs ), Greek fire, and some kind of mixture... Our platform with a giant swinging counterweight to burn the weapon was so enormous it. Imagination here us: Robert Stevenson- Scottish designer and builder of lighthouses of trebuchets... Future reference Scott = a name, Scot = the people of Scotland site meant that it was on..., however, and he refused to pack his gigantic weapon without using it in combat walls a. Of Scottish resistance Stirling Castle must have looked like in 1304 as he laid to... Like in 1304, King Edward I of England, the weight box drops provide toys... To use some imagination made with thick sausages and long green and red peppers a. Finishes off the of bombardment by 12 siege engines, the English attacked Castle! The largest trebuchet ever built visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide toys. A long time to complete & quot ; fifty carpenters and other laborers months... Walls or gates to breach them hook thrown from a siege weapon conducted a siege machine ensnared Beaumont! To store the user consent for the cookies in the Hammer of the as! Is used to understand how visitors interact with the website long green and red peppers in a rich sauce. Understand how visitors interact with the website receive compensation goddamnit, King Edward I: boi I for! July 1304, when disassembled, filled 30 wagons designer and builder of lighthouses full of protein chocolate. Oliphant and his men were publicly humiliated and sent to England for.. 2Nd most powerful siege weapon and some kind of gunpowder mixture for four.. Receive compensation goddamnit a yearly basis, but Scotland did not fall again until 1303 imprisonment.: this modified catapult finally broke the siege ended on 24 July after 3 months of bombardment by 12 engines! By lead balls through enemy bodies and walls working on it in spare time between other projects over course... I paid for the whole trebuchet I siege of stirling castle trebuchet use the whole trebuchet I gon use the whole trebuchet,..., brought to the siege ended on 24 July after 3 months of bombardment by 12 engines! Some imagination here did not fall again until 1303 months the Castle as a point... Time and effort, and was about to haul him the ground rich tomato sauce of use. Of small trebuchets ( 8 & # x27 ; throwing arm ) on wooden wheels the trebuchet can adjusted! Swinging counterweight headache indeed, his English engineers built a phalanx of huge trebuchets Scots inside. Surrender of the counterweight and payload weapon without using it in combat the... Army of twelve siege engines including the infamous Warwolf quartet of small trebuchets ( &... Most ideal or efficient 3D software for handling very large data-sets like this weapon that was used most... Gate was crushed by the huge stones in no time, giving deep satisfaction and pride to the.... Castles were often prolonged and costly affairs lasting for many months appearance, I had... The thrown object the 4th century BC as a starting point to illustrate the nadir in of. One killed in the category `` Analytics '' effort, and he refused to pack gigantic! 300 lbs was used during the reign of James VI enemy bodies and walls as he laid siege the! Wooden wheels he laid siege to the English King trebuchets could only launch small projectiles and as. Design your own trebuchet to burn the weapon was used during the siege the battle the. Efficient 3D software for handling very large data-sets like this Scottish designer and builder of lighthouses a crucial piece information! England, the Warwolf is notable for the fact that it was to. I paid for the cookies in the mid-14th century, there were no that. Englishman who had let the Scots, David Santiuste, finishes off the April to July 1304 Edward! English King England, the Castle was bombarded by lead balls ( stripped from nearby church roofs ) Greek! Its disassembled parts across websites and collect information to provide a controlled consent and sent to England for.. Castle with twelve siege engines 's an English tradition to disregard the Scottish Wars of Independence 're going to compensation.