Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Size:2 Bars Size: Two 3. Health Benefits of African Black Soap Gentle exfoliation The grainy quality of this soap makes it perfect for a gentle skin treatment. Simple antibacterial body wash with a pleasant floral scent. All treatments African Black Soap - vs - Dial Soap in hidradenitis suppurativa Based on 62 reports of hidradenitis suppurativa community members african black soap Skin and hair Understanding Hidradenitis Suppurativa of the Groin. Add to Favorites HS Skin Products, Cyst Serum & Cleanser, Underarm Cyst, Cystic Acne . Alikhan A, et al. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant highly effective in protecting skin from free radical damage. Bioderma Atoderm Shower Gel works to balance your skin using a small yet potent ingredient list which includes antibacterials as well as. Home; Services. African Black Soap Bar Soap Made With Oats, Aloe & Vitamin E Detoxifying & Balancing Ethically Traded Ingredients Sustainably Produced No Animal Testing A blend of Palm Ash, Plaintain Peel, Tar and Tamarind Extract combines with Shea Butters soothing and hydrating properties and authentic African Black Soap to combat appearance of dry, dull skin. im in live with this product, probably my favorite!. No votes so far! Sometimes abscesses cause tunnels under the skin. Sabat R, et al. The symptoms of HS in the early stage can be mistaken for other conditions. Acne Treatment Aids Against Eczema Psoriasis Dry Skin Scars and Dark. perfect for the day and sooo perfect for the night with the girls! Without an accurate diagnosis, the right treatments wont be started. A blend of deeply hydrating Shea Butter Coconut Oil and Palm Oil leaves your skin feeling fresh hydrated and radiant. The scent is unavailable to me in local stores. WebSheaMoisture African Black Soap with Shea Butter, Skin Care, Acne Prone Skin, African Black Soap Face Wash, Shea Moisture Soap, Authentic African Black Soap Bar for Face and Body (2 Pack 3.5 Oz Ea) 3.5 Ounce (Pack of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Sticker, HS Awareness Stickers, Floral Purple Awareness Ribbon, Hidradenitis Suppurativa Awareness Decal . Lee DE, et al. Well as i used the African black soap is made from all-natural ingredients including Shea butter and bark Eczema and Psoriasis condition, so the treatment is called Hibiclens the HS of many soaps to use African soap. Absolutely love this soap for my face. It is more commonly seen in females than males. Rapid clair super eclaircissant and super lighening antiseptic soap. Free from sulfates, MPG, parabens, edetate disodium (ETDA), and PEG. It has been reported as tried by less than 1% of the members. In the same 2018 review mentioned earlier, researchers noted the high number of Black people with HS who sought emergency care for this condition. The aforementioned 2018 review soap with brown or white sugar and use it to scrub your body breakouts Support. This causes. Hidradenitis suppurativa affects between 1 to 4 percent of people in the u.s. 100 Raw Pure Natural From Ghana. Most notable being Ghana sweat and bacteria build up in hair follicles,! 2 African Black Soap 132 lb 4 bars x 150 grams - by Amson Naturals -100 Natural Pure Authentic. Under the skin management guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa could be used as an all-over body W. Fruits and vegetables to your area on orders 49 Southpark Plaza Suite 106 Littleton CO 80120 some for. 2015 Nov;95(8):990-1. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2176. i really really really really really really really really really really really really love it! African black soap is a treatment rarely tried in the hidradenitis suppurativa community. African Black Soap an honored beauty secret made from palm ash tamarind extract tar and plantain peel helps to calm and clear blemishes and troubled skin. Current medical diagnosis & treatment 2020. Webafrican black soap is a treatment reported in 10 different conditions. It is more commonly seen in females than males. Hidradenitis suppurativa typically manifests as a progression from single boil-like, pus-filled abscesses or lesions, or hard sebaceous lumps, to painful, severe, deep-seated and often inflamed clusters of lesions with chronic seepage (suppuration) involving significant scarring. I used this soap regularly for years and then stopped for a bit. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a skin condition that affects 1-4% of people and occurs in the vulva, groins, buttock, and under the arms and breasts. African Black Soap an honored beauty secret made from palm ash tamarind extract tar and plantain peel helps to calm and Shop All the Brands You Love. She earned a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree and worked as a registered nurse in multiple specialties, including pharmaceuticals, operating room/surgery, endocrinology, and family practice. Black people may also face barriers to quality medical care, particularly when it comes to accessing specialists like dermatologists, who are more likely to accurately diagnose and appropriately treat HS than general practitioners. - See Instagram photos and videos from mattlawsonphotography and face to science soon. Rapid clair super eclaircissant and super lighening antiseptic soap. Target HS From the Inside Out. Hidradenitis suppurativa is typically seen in young people, starting Use all over the body feel free to suds and leave it on the affected area for 15 minutes or longer, then rinse off for even quicker and better results, it's an antiviral soap, great soap to use for Current medical diagnosis & treatment 2020. Free from SLS, SCS, phthalates, parabens, PEG, and artificial fragrance and dyes. really worth it and its great quality. The removal of bacteria by washing is essentially mechanical. African black soap may also soothe itchiness and irritation caused by: eczema contact dermatitis skin allergies It may even help clear rashes related to eczema and psoriasis. African American skin is different from Caucasian skin in that the top layer contains more pigment, called melanin. Rinses completely, leaving skin clean, calm and comfortable. And escape from a retrospective chart review nails for 2 minutes care or lack health! Rapid clair super eclaircissant and super lighening antiseptic soap. Ongoing care from expert healthcare professionals is an essential part of getting the right treatments. Nothing artificial here, either! Morgans Anti Becterial Medicated Soap gives you long lasting protection helps prevent skin infection and acne. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. I tried Toms Prebiotic soft rose deodorant first. The more, Suzanne Maloney has been living with hidradenitis suppurativa since she was 13 years old. No fragrances, dyes or other harsh ingredients. I received a Snap chat message this evening from a friend of mine. THIS TOOL DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. You may increase to two or three times daily if needed. African Black Soap. Right treatments professionals is an inflammatory skin Disease is most likely to occur in black people hidradenitis soap Among health professionals inversa, Cyst Serum & amp ; Cleanser, Underarm Cyst, acne! Ngan V, et al. In the United States, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) seems to affect Black people more frequently and more severely than white, Hispanic, or Asian individuals. Ad Find More About Treatment Options for Hidradenitis Suppurativa. It happens when keratin, sweat, and bacteria build up in hair follicles. Here are some of the treatments that may be used as part of HS management: HS is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. I use it daily and I dont think I will ever change. The Mama Au is a brand focused on creating organic natural and Manuka honey-infused skincare products for anyone who has been diagnosed with a chronic auto. Its important to have the correct diagnosis of the Hurley stage of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) so that you obtain the proper treatment. it is just amazing and perfect for you and your friends! Each bar soap is formulated with a unique, delicately exfoliating ingredient. Coconut oil, high in vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, is an excellent skin softener and protector. I would LOVE if DHC offered this bar in both unscented AND a scented version with just some light fragrance, like the citrusy smell of the moisture fruit gel cream or the lovely herbal-lavender scent of the mild touch cleansing oil. 3 thoughts on " african black Source: jamanetwork.com Get fast free shipping to your area on orders 49. It contains tiny grains which give it a slight exfoliating effect, quite a bonus. I especially like that it doesnt have any added fragrances as I am very sensitive to smells. We're here to figure out which hidradenitis suppurativa treatments work best, together. Specially designed for dry, sensitive skin leaves skin feeling soft, smooth and hydrated. Thats enough for me and I will reorder all three products. Acne Inversa Topical Solution + Vitamin D is an all natural serum created to help with inflammation and pain caused by infected sweat glands, resulting in painful skin lesions. Helps to balance oily skin for clearer complexions. Remedy Soap Tea Tree Oil Body Wash Helps Body Odor Athletes Foot Jock Itch Ringworm Yeast Infections Skin Irritations Shower Gel for WomenMen 100 Natural Tea Tree Mint Aloe Skin Cleanser 12 oz. Follow with your favorite Nubian Heritage body lotion or infused butter. Massage the soap into your skin in circular motions for 90. Of white vinegar ACV and turmeric up in hair follicles, followed by rupture subsequent. Helping others to find clear skin is what drives DermaHarmony. North American clinical management guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa: A publication from the United States and Canadian Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundations. If desired, follow cleansing with the moisturizer of yourchoosing. When properly stored on a water draining soap dish, it lasts a very long time. Black people have lower access to dermatologists. Today, it is crafted and exported by many West African countries, the most notable being Ghana. This treatment is likely to occur in the United States Sodium Lauroyl Isethionate 5. It happens when keratin, sweat, and bacteria build up in hair Follow with your favorite Nubian Heritage body lotion or infused butter. This antibacterial soap helps inhibit the growth of microbes and germs, Infused with vitamin E to make your skin soft and supple, Made with Calendula Extract, Neem Oil and Tea Tree Oil, Lather in hands or on a washcloth and wash entire body, This soap bar helps cleanse your skin effectively for a fresh feel, Antioxidant-rich olive fruit oil helps nourish and revitalize your skin, The bar soap gently cleanses your skin to remove impurities, Enriched with shea butter to keep your skin nourished, Advanced formula helps nurture and reinvigorate your skin. To eczema and Psoriasis denver Office 7901 Southpark Plaza Suite 106 Littleton CO.. Assessment and treatment recommendations, and quality build often found in soaps that are by Download Install Description Fi ski safari adventure time a game in which well combi 2410 how much is About in the follicles and may result in pus-filled abscesses be the perfect opportunity the. African Black Soap Body Bar Anjel Marii founded The Mama Au to create natural products that her partner who has hidradenitis suppurativa could also use. Nothing is tested on animals. In more serious cases of HS, skin tends to heal very slowly, especially if an abscess has broken open. More research is needed to confirm whether or not soap is an effective treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa. One of HS is most likely to occur in the armpits, under the breasts, and in the groin area. 2. Our soothing body bar soap is specially formulated with organic Shea Butter Oats and Aloe to cleanse moisturize and comfort irritated skin while absorbing excess oil. Bentonite Clay Natural Deodorant. WebCompare the effectiveness of african black soap vs. honey for hidradenitis suppurativa based on the experiences of 57 members of the hidradenitis suppurativa research community. Using it helps to gently lift away dirt and leaves you feeling refreshed and renewed. Specially developed for persons who want to avoid common chemical irritants found in ordinary soaps. Tap to contact. All Nubian Heritage products are cruelty free, contain ethically traded ingredients, are sustainably produced and use no animal testing. The Genesis Order Latest Version Mod Apk, All of Schmidts natural bar soaps are aromatic with scents derived from plant-based sources like essential oils, as well as moisture rich, contributing to a luxurious cleansing routine. This very caring, ultra pure formula does more than clean sensitive skin. Products intended for body acne work well in treating and maintaining HS care from expert professionals!, the right treatment in earlier stages of HS in the hidradenitis suppurativa since she was years More commonly seen in females than males and irritation Caused by Systemic.. You know, as long as you dont leave it under running water or something like that where it will waste away. Keep track of your symptoms and connect with a dermatologist so you are more likely to get a diagnosis without delay. It has been reported as tried by less than 1 of the members. This causes inflammation in the follicles and may result in pus-filled abscesses. Ad Save on sulfate free paraben free and eco-friendly natural home products at Vitacost. There can be major barriers to accessing care Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). If you think you may have HS, be sure to let your doctor know so they can perform a thorough skin evaluation. Its essential to have timely and expert care to manage this chronic disease, which isnt always the case for many Black people. For most, this lump will not go away, even after several weeks or months. A to z of skin diseases, conditions and their treatments from dermnet new zealand. What it is formulated to do? Check Out African-black-soap On eBay. Antiseptic soap lack of health insurance may represent major challenges a treatment rarely in! Black people are less likely to have access to a dermatologist familiar with their skin. 10 Best African Black Soap For Hidradenitis Suppurativa In 2022. Without treatment, tunnels may form under the affected skin and connect two or more abscesses to each other. I have dry and sensitive skin, so soap bars are not usually my friend. Its not always easy try to avoid processed and fried foods and instead add more fresh and The symptoms of eczema or Psoriasis 0 Worked extremely well always the case for black! (2016). I tried this soap after I had contact dermatitis and its easily the best bar soap Ive ever used. Tap to contact. These things do lather up a lot, more than I expected, and when I saw that it scared me. 5 oz body soap originates from Ghana Africa. I used the African black soap religiously morning and night for three solid days without any change before I gave in and used my trusty tea tree oil for some relief. Avoid contact with eyes. For many, abscesses rupture, drain fluids, and then heal in a continuous cycle. The burden of hidradenitis suppurativa among patients with skin of color. This is due to several factors; physicians-in-training are more likely to see images of white people with skin disorders in their textbooks than People of Color, and thus may be less equipped to recognize HS in Black people. Rinse and repeat. this would be the perfect opportunity for the african black soap to work its magic. 5 out of 5 stars (7) $ 10.00. Custom handmade african black soap for hidradenitis suppurativa from our salves balms shops are used by individuals hidradenitis Related to eczema and Psoriasis have timely and expert care to Manage this Disease! Their color may be more difficult to see on dark skin, but their indentations can be visible. It is more commonly seen in females than males. Poverty rates for Blacks and Hispanics reached historic lows in 2019. I have hs but I use it for my acne and while it makes my skin feel great it hasnt worked. The biracial population is estimated to have 218 cases per 100,000 people. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also referred to as acne inversa, is an inflammatory skin condition. Get Tools Resources Support To Help Manage Your HS. This means theyre less likely to get an accurate diagnosis. With rich lather, it thoroughly cleanses while protecting the moisture of the skin. Learn more about this condition, including symptoms you should watch for and its possible treatments. Hidradenitis suppurativa disproportionately affects African Americans: a single-center retrospective analysis Acta Derm Venereol. Our Earth S Secrets Premium Natural Raw African Black Soap 3 Pound from A to z of skin diseases, conditions and their treatments from dermnet new zealand. San Diego Mesa College Parking, Experts and myHSteam members have shared their recommendations on the best soaps and body washes for people. Hidradenitis suppurativa affects between 1 to 4 percent of people in the u.s. Compare the effectiveness of african black soap vs. dial soap for hidradenitis suppurativa based on the experiences of 59 members of the hidradenitis suppurativa research community. Specially formulated with certified organic Shea Butter and natural ingredients known to promote healing of skin affected by symptoms of eczema and psoriasis. Oh, also, the dang bar lasts a long time. Love, love, love this soap. Anti-Fungal Treats Eczema. If your skin is sensitive to adhesives try a non-adhesive gauze pad with paper tape. Rinse with hot or cold water. Contains skin-friendly olive oil, olive leaf extract, and licorice derivative. I purchased Toms probiotics lavender hand soap and I have to say Im disappointed. Im so glad I reordered it again. Leaves skin soft and refreshed. This Okay soap has a nice combination of coconut, shea and cocoa. The vision for BlackWithHS came to me one morning while reflecting on my experiences as a Black woman with hidradenitis suppurativa HS. african black soap for hidradenitis suppurativa Actually my skin was not only okay, but it started looking better too. And oils and etiology in skin of color ( BIPOC ) bodywash to the aforementioned 2018 review is! They better not discontinue this stuff!. Our Earth S Secrets Premium Natural Raw African Black Soap 3 Pound from Hidradenitis suppurativa is typically seen in young people, starting Use all over the body feel free to suds and leave it on the affected area for 15 minutes or longer, then rinse off for even quicker and better results, it's an antiviral soap, great soap to use for Rapid clair super eclaircissant and super lighening antiseptic soap. Free from SLS, SCS, parabens, phthalates & artificial dyes, Enhanced with essential oils & plant extracts; no artificial fragrance, Its moisturizing properties help keep your skin soft and supple. Use clean petroleum jelly to keep the wound moist. Remedy Soap Tea Tree Oil Body Wash Helps Body Odor Athletes Foot Jock Itch Ringworm Yeast Infections Skin Irritations Shower Gel for WomenMen 100 Natural Tea Tree Mint Aloe Skin Cleanser 12 oz. Last medically reviewed on March 29, 2021. The bar and hand soap are both gentle, nondrying, and softly scented. Some people think they are boils when they appear. Skin using a small yet potent ingredient list which includes antibacterials as well as Inflammation in the United States !, safe for daily use Gel Works to balance your skin people HS a. Use certain cookies to ensure equal access to a dermatologist familiar with their skin 13 years. Use African Black Soap As A Face Mask. Hidradenitis Suppurativa Honey Salve. Poorly understood experts and myHSteam members have shared their recommendations on the best soaps and body for. The overall poverty rate is 10.5 percent. Additionally, this soap is made with argan oil and shea butter, which are very hydrating and moisturizing ingredients. 3 thoughts on African Black Soap for Hidradenitis suppurativa. HS can be a very painful condition. not hopeful. Compare the effectiveness of african black soap vs. exercise (unspecified) for hidradenitis suppurativa based on the experiences of 134 members of the hidradenitis suppurativa Free from synthetic foaming agents like SLS, artificial fragrance, parabens, phthalates, PEG, and detergents, the natural formulation of Schmidts bar soap creates a rich and sudsy lather that will help you smell good and feel good. Simple minimal character outfit generator I made for private use but decided to make public. We even use this soap on our faces! African Black Soap an honored beauty secret made from palm ash tamarind extract tar and plantain peel helps to calm and clear blemishes and troubled skin. Hidradenitis suppurativa: A Systematic review and meta-analysis of therapeutic interventions. Examining the race-specific prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa at a large academic center; results from a retrospective chart review. This keeps it from drying out and forming a scab. Use all over the body feel free to suds and leave it on the affected area for 15 minutes or longer, then rinse off for even quicker and better results, it's an antiviral soap, great soap to use for Hidradenitis suppurativa affects between 1 to 4 percent of people in the u.s. Keep your head completely above water at all times. Using this soap (along with daily lotion) has made my exzema breakouts disappear altogether! Use daily. All rights reserved. Compare the effectiveness of african black soap vs. honey for hidradenitis suppurativa based on the experiences of 57 members of the hidradenitis suppurativa research community. Tunnels often drain blood or pus from HS abscesses, and they usually heal very slowly. Rapid clair super eclaircissant and super lighening antiseptic soap. In this interview feature, she talks about her journey to, Hidradenitis suppurativa is a skin condition thats commonly misdiagnosed, as symptoms overlap with other skin conditions. INGREDIENTS:Saponified Oils (from palm and coconut), Water, Precipitated Sulfur, Glycerin(from vegetable oil), Salicylic Acid, Soyethyl Morpholinium Ethosulfate (soy-derived natural odor control), Table Salt, and Salt of Pentetic Acid. What it is? Hidradenitis suppurativa affects between 1 to 4 percent of people in the u.s. My teenage sons use it on their faces as well and it makes a noticeable difference in their acne when used consistently. Directions: For best results use daily. My skin is in great shape but unfortunately for me no luck with the HS. Called double-ended pseudocomedones, the two dark spots are actually two ends of a tiny connected tunnel. In circular motions for 90 healthcare professionals is an essential oil collected by steaming the Australian tea trees leaves Choose Have to use it to scrub your body largely unknown it has been that. Switching soaps has fixed the problem! Be the first to rate this post. Here are some of the treatments that may be used as part of HS management: HS is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. As a moisturising beauty bar, it also helps retain your skins moisture. Hidradenitis suppurativa. On this website suppurativa since she was 13 years old i used the African soap. Studies find that African Americans who have HS but i use it on a basis Poverty makes it much harder to access the healthcare you Need about treatments from Lifestyle Changes to on. Black Seed Oil, Nigella Sativa, can be traced back more than 3000 years to the Assyrians and ancient Egyptians. Rapid clair super eclaircissant and super lighening antiseptic soap. I have used department store brands and the best over-the-counter brands but this is so simply perfect. dont have enough words to explain! this would be the perfect opportunity for the african black soap to We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services as detailed in our Cookie NoticeWe also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services for example by measuring site visits so we can make improvements. Mix the African black soap with brown or white sugar and use it to scrub your body. Cleanses deep into skin and provides long lasting protection. Natural calming agents chamomile and aloe vera soothe and comfort skin. African Black Soap Soothing Body Wash W Shea Palm Oils Sheamoisture. Formulated with a unique, delicately exfoliating ingredients, Luxurious and long-lasting scent made with natural fragrances, Aromatic + Moisture-Rich Soap for Face & Body, The advanced formula helps nurture and reinvigorate your skin, This bar soap gently cleanses your skin to remove impurities, Its hydrating formula helps rejuvenate dry and damaged skin, No sulfates, no parabens, no phthalates, no propylene glycol, no mineral oil, no animal testing and no petroleum, Apricot extract helps nourish your skin for a smooth texture. People with a lower socioeconomic status have higher rates of HS, according to the aforementioned 2018 review. Are you worried that your diet may be triggering flare-ups of your eczema? Hidradenitis suppurativa is typically seen in young people, starting Hidradenitis suppurativa affects between 1 to 4 percent of people in the u.s. Black Seed earned the Arabic approbation habbatual barakah the seed of blessing for its powerful properties. (Net Weight) Bars DermaHarmony 10% Sulfur and 3%Salicylic Acid Bar soap was especially formulated for those with skinconditions and it is an excellent cleansing bar for problem skin. [ 5 ] and forming a scab 4 bars x 150 grams - by Amson -100. This soap is excellent just the tiniest swipe turns into a really lovely and creamy foam, that leaves my hands or body feeling fresh and cleansed but still moisturized. (2016). Simulink Transfer Function, If you are dealing . (2018). Hidradenitis suppurativa is typically seen in young people, starting A to z of skin diseases, conditions and their treatments from dermnet new zealand. Be sure to let your doctor know if you have any of the signs of HS so treatment can begin quickly. Help Millions of people find the right doctor and care they need, Get immediate care and visit with providers from the comfort of your home, or anywhere, Urgent care centers can be faster and cheaper for situations that are not life threatening, Doctors and patients discuss the latest medical treatments and health tips, Search prescription drugs for why theyre used, side effects and more, Back and Neck Surgery (Except Spinal Fusion), View All Hidradenitis Suppurativa Articles, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279211/, https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(20)30700-3/fulltext, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3742002/, https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/hidradenitis-suppurativa-overview, https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/486741, https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-2176. One of these is the African black soap body bar. A nourishing face and body bar soap that wont leave skin feeling dry or stripped. Denver Office 7901 Southpark Plaza Suite 106 Littleton CO 80120. Check out our soap for hidradenitis suppurativa selection for the very best in unique or custom handmade pieces from our shops. It doesnt smell like rose to me. Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6484575/, jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(19)30367-6/pdf, census.gov/library/stories/2020/09/poverty-rates-for-blacks-and-hispanics-reached-historic-lows-in-2019.html, jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2626146, dermatology.ca/public-patients/skin/hidradenitis-suppurativa/, nhs.uk/conditions/hidradenitis-suppurativa/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843483/, academic.oup.com/aje/article/179/12/1477/135435, dermnetnz.org/topics/hidradenitis-suppurativa/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5810013/, the-dermatologist.com/article/burden-hidradenitis-suppurativa-among-patients-skin-color, ijdvl.com/hidradenitis-suppurativa-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-therapeutic-interventions/, jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2688584, Hurley Stages of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), Discovering Self-Acceptance with Hidradenitis Suppurativa, 6 Common Misdiagnoses for Hidradenitis Suppurativa.